In the 3rd century CE,
the Shang Han Lun (Treatise
on Injury by Cold) by Zhang Zhong Jing
classified fevers according to their progression through the
six channels (taiyang, yangming,
shaoyang, taiyin, shaoyin
and jueyin). This theory, according
to which pathogenic cold
attacked and penetrated the body via the skin,
dominated Chinese medicine until the early 17th century
when the ‘wen bing’ (warm disease) theory was
developed (predominantly by Wu You He, Ye Tian Shi and
Wu Ju Tong).
The warm disease school placed the
emphasis on febrile diseases due to injury by heat which
penetrates the body via the nose and mouth, and classified
fevers according to four levels of depth: the defensive
level (wei fen), the qi level (qi fen), the nutritive level (ying fen)
and the blood level (xue fen).
The defensive and qi levels correspond
broadly to the taiyang and
yangming stages
respectively of the Shang Han Lun.
When pathogenic heat penetrates further to the deeper levels of the
body, it first enters the nutritive level, scorching the body fluids
and the yin and disturbing the Pericardium and spirit,
and then enters the blood level, giving rise to reckless bleeding.
Ling Shu (Spiritual Pivot) “Taiyang
is the opening, yangming is the closing and shaoyang is
the pivot”.
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